APS Member History

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1	Name:	The Honorable Leonore Annenberg
	Institution:	The Annenberg Foundation
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	March 12, 2009

	As president and sole director of the Annenberg Foundation, Leonore Annenberg continues to carry out the foundation's mission, established with her late husband Walter H. Annenberg (elected to the APS in 1990), to advance the public well-being through improved communication. As the principal means of achieving this goal, the foundation encourages the development of more effective ways to share ideas and knowledge. The foundation's primary grant-making interests are in education, culture, the arts, and community and civic life. It provides funding for programs likely to produce beneficent change on a large scale. In addition to the national Challenge Grant for Public School Reform, $500 million matching grants program of 18 locally-designed projects, the Annenberg Foundation provided support for a 20-year partnership in educational programming with the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Other major grants have been made to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, and the Metropolitan Opera. Recent awards have supported major design and construction projects, including the Capitol Visitor Center in Washington, DC, the Liberty Bell Pavilion and the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, and the British Museum in London. In January 2007 Ms. Annenberg received the Academy of Music 150th Anniversary Award in recognition of her longtime support of both the Academy and the Philadelphia Orchestra. Her latest honor is the prestigious Philadelphia Award, given annually to a person who has worked to better the Philadelphia region.

2	Name:	Dr. D. James Baker
	Institution:	Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1937

	D. James Baker is a distinguished scientist, innovative administrator, and strong communicator of scientific issues to the public. He received his B. S. from Stanford University in 1958 and his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1962 and has three honorary degrees. He joined the faculty at Harvard University, becoming an associate professor of physical oceanography in 1966. At Harvard, he discovered a new fluid instability, he (with A.R. Robinson) made the first laboratory model of the equatorial ocean circulation, and developed and patented a new deep-sea pressure gauge. In 1973 he moved to the University of Washington where he (with R. B. Wearn) conducted the first deep pressure measurements for monitoring ocean currents in the Drake Passage, and co-founded and was the first Dean of the College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences. From 1983 to 1983 he served as president of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. He co-founded The Oceanography Society and was its first president. As the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Clinton Administration from 1993 - 2001, he guided the modernization of the National Weather Service and achieved new funding for the Argo float program which now covers the world ocean. Later he served as president of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia from 2002 to 2006, developing new public programs. From 2007 to 2016 he was the Director of the Global Carbon Measurement Program for the William J. Clinton Foundation. He is currently an advisor to FLINTpro, a company of forestry experts and software engineers that helps protect their forest landscapes. His book on satellite measurements, Planet Earth: The View from Space (1990), published by Harvard University Press, is an international reference work. He was awarded the Vikram Sarabhai Medal by the Government of India in 1998 for "Outstanding Contributions to Space Research in Developing Countries." Dr. Baker was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003.

3	Name:	Dr. Rita R. Colwell
	Institution:	University of Maryland & Johns Hopkins University- Bloomberg School of Public Health
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1934

	Dr. Rita Colwell is Senior Advisor and Chairman Emeritus of Canon US Life Sciences, Inc. and Distinguished University Professor both at the University of Maryland at College Park and at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her interests are focused on global infectious diseases, water, and health, and she has developed an international network to address emerging infectious diseases and water issues, including safe drinking water for both the developed and developing world. Dr. Colwell served as the 11th Director of the National Science Foundation, 1998-2004. In her capacity as NSF Director, she served as Co-chair of the Committee on Science of the National Science and Technology Council. One of her major interests includes K-12 science and mathematics education, graduate science and engineering education and the increased participation of women and minorities in science and engineering. She currently serves as co-chair of the Asian University for Women Council of Advisors. Dr. Colwell has held many advisory positions in the U.S. government, nonprofit science policy organizations, and private foundations, as well as in the international scientific research community. She is a nationally-respected scientist and educator, and has authored or co-authored 16 books and more than 700 scientific publications. She produced the award-winning film Invisible Seas and has served on editorial boards of numerous scientific journals. Before going to NSF, Dr. Colwell was President of the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute and Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at the University of Maryland. She was also a member of the National Science Board from 1984-90. Dr. Colwell has previously served as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Academy of Microbiology and also as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Washington Academy of Sciences, the American Society for Microbiology, the Sigma Xi National Science Honorary Society, and the International Union of Microbiological Societies. In 2017, she received the Vannevar Bush Award, Japan's International Prize for Biology, and the rank of Chevalier in the French Legion of Honor. Dr. Colwell is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Dr. Colwell's many honors include the 2006 National Medal of Science and 49 honorary degrees from institutions of higher education, including her alma mater, Purdue University. She is an honorary member of the microbiological societies of the U.K., Australia, France, Israel, Bangladesh, and the U.S. and has held several honorary professorships, including the University of Queensland, Australia. Dr. Colwell was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star, by the Emperor of Japan for her work in fostering Japanese and U.S. cooperation in science and engineering. A geological site in Antarctica, Colwell Massif, has been named in recognition of her work in the polar regions. Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, Dr. Colwell holds a B.S. in bacteriology and an M.S. in genetics from Purdue University, and a Ph.D. in oceanography from the University of Washington.

4	Name:	Mr. Thomas L. Friedman
	Institution:	The New York Times
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1953

	For 20 years, sophisticated readers have turned to Thomas Friedman's reporting and commentary for guidance on major world events. As foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times since 1995, he has won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for international reporting (from Lebanon, 1983, and from Israel, 1988) and one for distinguished commentary, the latter of which, in 2002, commended his "clarity of vision based on extensive reporting." His From Beirut to Jerusalem has become a standard text on the Middle East. Mr. Friedman earned an M.A. in Modern Middle East Studies from Oxford University (1978) and has been a foreign correspondent and bureau chief in Beirut (1979-81, 1982-84) for United Press International and Jerusalem bureau chief (1984-88) and chief White House correspondent (1992-94) for The New York Times, among other positions. His most recent books are Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution - and How It Can Renew America (2008) and That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It Invented and How We Can Come Back (2011).

5	Name:	Professor Geoffrey C. Hazard
	Institution:	Hastings College of the Law, University of California
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	504. Scholars in the Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	January 11, 2018

	One of the most distinguished figures in American law, Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr., received his LL.B. from Columbia University in 1954. He was a professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Chicago, Yale University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Hastings College of the Law, University of California. Hazard's great scholarly distinction led to his selection in 1984 to succeed the late (APS member) Herbert Wechsler as Director of the American Law Institute. At the helm of the Institute for fifteen years, Hazard orchestrated the work of the unique American law reform enterprise which, for more than three-quarters of a century, brought together leaders of the bar, the bench and the academy in long-term efforts to examine, render coherent, and appropriately "restate" major areas of legal doctrine, both substantive and procedureal. The Institute's celebrated "restatements" of the law have become grist for the mills of courts, state legislatures, and, in certain selected fields, Congress and federal agencies. In 1999 Hazard retired from the Directorship in order to resume, on a full-time basis, his own teaching and scholarly endeavors in realms in which he was preeminent: legal ethics and civil procedure. His legal scholarship was widely respected not only by his academic colleagues but by practicing lawyers and members of the judiciary as well. Geoffrey Hazard was the author of works such as Quest for Justice (1973); (with F. James, Jr., J. Leubsdorf) Civil Procedure (5th edition, 2004); Ethics in the Practice of Law (1978); (with W. Brazil, P. Rice) Managing Complex Litigation: A Practical Guide to the Use of Special Masters (1983); (with S. Koniak, R. Cramton) The Law and Ethics of Lawyering (4th edition, 2005); and (with M. Taruffo) American Civil Procedure: An Introduction (1993). He was also the editor of Law in a Changing America (1968) and (with D. Rhode) The Legal Profession: Responsibility and Regulation. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1986), he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003. Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr., died January 11, 2018, at the age of 88.

6	Name:	Dr. Freeman A. Hrabowski
	Institution:	University of Maryland Baltimore County
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1950

	Freeman A. Hrabowski, III, served as President of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County from May 1992 to June 2022. His research and publications focus on science and math education, with special emphasis on minority participation and performance. Born in 1950 in Birmingham, Alabama, Dr. Hrabowski graduated at 19 from Hampton Institute with highest honors in mathematics. At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, he received his M.A. (mathematics) one year later and his Ph.D. (higher education administration/statistics) at age 24. He serves as a consultant to the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Department of Education, and universities and school systems nationally. He also sits on numerous corporate and civic boards (e.g., American Association of Colleges & Universities, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Marguerite Casey Foundation, McCormick & Company, Inc., University of Maryland Medical System). His recent honors include election to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; receiving the McGraw Prize in Education; being listed among Fast Company magazine's first "Fast 50 Champions of Innovation" in business and technology; being named Marylander of the Year by the editor's of the Baltimore Sun; and receiving the Council on Chemical Research's first Diversity Award, the BETA Award (Baltimore's Extraordinary Technology Advocate), NSF's Educator Achievement Award, and the U.S. Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring. In 2011, he received the Theodore M. Hesburgh award for visionary leadership from TIAA-CREF and a large grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York for "fulfilling [his] administrative and managerial roles with dedication and creativity." In 2012 he received the Heinz Award. He has won many more awards, including: the William D. Carey Award of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2013), the Martin Luther King, Jr., Ideals Award of Johns Hopkins University (2014), the Ruth Kirschstein Diversity in Science Award of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2014), the Zemsky Medal for innovation in Higher Education of the University of Pennsylvania (2015), the Ralph Coats Roe Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering (2015), and the Viktor Hamburger Oustanding Educator Prize of the Society of Developmental Biology (2017). Dr. Hrabowski is co-author of two books published by Oxford University Press: Beating the Odds (1998), focusing on parenting and high-achieving African American males in science; and Overcoming the Odds (2002), on successful African American females in science. A child leader in the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Hrabowski was prominently featured in Spike Lee's 1997 documentary, Four Little Girls, on the racially motivated bombing in 1963 of Birmingham's Sixteenth Street Baptist Church.

7	Name:	The Honorable Judith S. Kaye
	Institution:	Skadden, Arps; Court of Appeals, State of New York
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1938
	Death Date:	January 7, 2016

	Judith S. Kaye joined Skadden Arps's Litigation Group in 2009. Before joining the firm she served as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals for 15 years. She was appointed New York's Chief Judge in 1993 by Governor Mario M. Cuomo and was the first woman to occupy that post. The state's longest-serving chief judge, she was reappointed by Governor Eliot Spitzer in 2007 and served until reaching mandatory retirement age in December 2008. She was also the first woman appointed to the State's highest court, the Court of Appeals, which she joined in 1983. As New York's top judicial officer, Judge Kaye presided over the seven-member Court of Appeals and headed the State's Unified Court System, with more than 1,200 State-paid judges in 363 courthouses statewide. Her posts have included: Chair of the Permanent Judicial Commission on Justice for Children; Founding Member and Honorary Chair, Judges and Lawyers Breast Cancer Alert (JALBCA); member of the Board of Editors, New York State Bar Journal; and Trustee, The William Nelson Cromwell Foundation. She had been President of the Conference of Chief Justices and Chair of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts (2002-03). She authored numerous publications and received several honorary degrees and many awards. Born in Monticello, New York, Judge Kaye is a 1958 graduate of Barnard College and a 1962 cum laude graduate of New York University School of Law. She died January 7, 2016, at age 77, at her home in Manhattan.

8	Name:	Dr. Earl A. Powell
	Institution:	National Gallery of Art
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	Earl A. Powell III of Washington, D.C. was director of the National Gallery of Art from 1992-2019 and is an expert in 19th- and 20th-century European and American art. He was an assistant professor of art history at the University of Texas from 1974-76. Between 1976 and 1980 he held curatorial posts at the National Gallery of Art. From 1980-92 Mr. Powell was director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, which he transformed, according to Art in America magazine, "from a local institution to a museum of international stature." Mr. Powell serves as a trustee of the American Federation of the Arts, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the White House Historical Association, among others. He is a member of numerous arts organizations, including the Commission of Fine Arts, the National Portrait Gallery Commission, and the Committee for the Preservation of the White House. Mr. Powell's awards include Norway's King Olav Medal and the Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from France. Mr. Powell graduated with honors from Williams College and received his masters and doctorate degrees from the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University. He also holds honorary doctorate degrees in Fine Arts from Otis Parsons Art Institute and Williams College. In addition to writing many journal articles and exhibition catalogue essays, Mr. Powell has authored a monograph on the 19th-century American artist Thomas Cole. He served as an officer in the U.S. Navy from 1966-69 and was in the Naval Reserve from 1969-80.

9	Name:	Dr. Judith R. Shapiro
	Institution:	Barnard College; Bryn Mawr College
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1942

	Judith R. Shapiro was president of Barnard College from 1994 to 2008. Previously she served eight years as Provost of Bryn Mawr College. She taught at the University of Chicago before joining Bryn Mawr's Department of Anthropology in 1975, serving successively as assistant professor, associate Professor and professor before becoming chair of the department in 1982. A native of New York City, she received her undergraduate degree from Brandeis University and her Ph.D. in Anthropology from Columbia University. She is the author of numerous articles in the areas of gender differentiation, social theory, and missionization, many based on her field research in lowland South America. She has been president of the American Ethnological Society, a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences and a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies. She is currently a member of the American Philosophical Society, the Council on Foreign Relations, the New York City Partnership and Chamber of Commerce, and the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and is a member of the Board of Directors of JSTOR and the New York Building Congress. She is President of the Board of Directors of the Morningside Area Alliance and also serves on the Executive Board of the Women's College Coalition, the Advisory Committee of Save the Children (Every Mother/Every Child), and on the National Advisory Committee of the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation. In March, 2004, she received the Athena Award in Education from the Partnership for Gender-Specific Medicine at Columbia University and in May, 2004, she was an honoree at the Women with Heart luncheon hosted by the American Heart Association. She also received the Gershom Mendes Seixas Award from the Kraft Center for Jewish Student Life in 2004 and, upon her retirement, she was awarded the Barnard Medal of Distinction in 2008. She was President of the Teagle Foundation 2013-18, and served on the foundation's board since 2009.